Trees that should not be planted near your house

Concerns about tree roots causing damage to a house's foundation, fences, and other outbuildings is a frequent issue for garden enthusiasts. Which trees are detrimental in this regard?

Selecting trees with minimal root systems is key to avoiding costly repairs. When choosing trees, one should look for varieties with smaller root systems, such as 'Green velvet' and other cultivars derived from pendunculate oak. Roots from these trees are less likely to cause issue with foundations and paths. For those concerned about root problems, RBC-Ukraine advises planting trees a safe distance from the foundation of the building, at a ratio of at least 2 meters of tree circumference to 1 meter radius depending on aspect and soil quality. Take note that some trees are inherently shallow, such as Dog Rose, or grow deep with deeply pitched branches, like the Ash tree, making their root systems less of a concern.

Why roots damage foundations

Commonly, the underground network of a tree or shrub will endeavour to circumvent obstructions like concrete foundations. However, in certain circumstances, the roots of some trees and shrubs can infiltrate the crevices and joins of a building's subterranean structures, progressively widening them if they come across moisture in the process.

If fissures emerge on the surface of the foundation, walls and doorways start to sag, and the basement floor becomes distorted, it's possible that plant roots may be spreading beneath the foundation.

Cracks in the foundation are usually invaded by the roots. However, during a severe drought, when plants lack water, their roots may extend into the foundation to seek moisture. This can cause new root growth to tunnel beneath pathways and driveways where water may collect.

Tree roots can cause damage to a house (photo: Arborcraftaz.com)

When selecting trees to plant near a house, it is crucial to consider those species that are known to be problematic.
**Trees to Avoid Planting Near a House:**
1. 'Ficus' trees: These fast-growing trees produce messy fronds and sap that can ruin property and stain exterior walls.
2. Birch Trees: Both Paper Birch and White Birch are tightly spaced root trees that can cause damage to buildings' foundation and pipes.
3. Silver Maple: Due to its aggressive root growth, it can damage garden walls, swimming pools, and the foundation of the house.
4. Willow Tree: Its deep roots will sway trees nearby and sometimes do damage to homes, especially when these houses are built with non-adaptable root systems.
5. Poplar Tree: These trees rapidly grow, wet roots may ruin buildings and may also be prone to substantial root growth that crisscrosses surfaces.
Keep in mind that this is not a comprehensive list, and proximity of any tree to a building is difficult to predict.

Certain types of trees can potentially damage foundations. However, it's challenging for trees to grow near the foundation and thrive in high-humidity environments, but there are specific tree varieties that have a vigorous root system, actively seeking out excess moisture.

It is generally advisable to refrain from situating such trees close to the property.

・Large species of willow

・Gleditsia

Large silver maple varieties etc such as silver maple

・Elm

It is advisable not to plant large trees that grow rapidly too close to your home. Typically, the root system of a tree reaches as far out as its canopy. Trees like walnut are particularly vigorous and can cause issues as a result.

Plants with limited root network, Solutions for shallow-rooted trees:
1. Preserve the area from foot traffic and human accident unintentional damage
2. Regular water supply during dry periods avoid water stress
3. Reduce soil erosion through the use of protective mulch around the base of the tree
4. Avoid compacting soil near the tree
5. Address Water Environment Issues

Some trees develop both deep and shallow root systems; these root systems can encroach upon footpaths, disrupt the use of raised pavement stones, and cause harm to playgrounds and car parks.

Conifers like spruce, pine, and thuja release beneficial phytoncides into the air, but their root systems tend to be shallow. It's advisable to plant them at least five metres away from the property in order to avoid potential problems.

The same recommendations should be adhered to when planting species such as fir, larch, hemlock, maple, common oak, chestnut, sumac, and poplar, and other types of trees.

Tall trees that remain can become a lightning strike target, and conifers' resinous properties make them vulnerable to catching fire. Consequently, planting them directly below a house is not advisable.

Conifers possess a shallow root system, which causes damage to foundations and walkways.

Preventing root penetration into the foundation area

Please follow these guidelines to prevent roots from developing beneath the foundation:

Water the garden regularly so that the soil doesn't become water-deprived and the trees aren't prompted to search for water near their roots, footpaths, fences, and garden arches.

When planting trees, it is advisable to install barriers such as geogrids between the seedlings and buildings. This helps steer the roots away from the house foundations and downwards into the soil, thereby preventing them from expanding in undirected ways.

Sources: Gardener's Path, Bob Vila, Typical Guide for Handymen.

Share :